Free Zone Branch Establishment in Turkey
Free Zone branch establishment in Turkey enables a foreign company to conduct commercial activities within a designated free zone without incorporating a separate legal entity. The branch operates under the legal identity of the parent company and is subject to both Turkish commercial law and the Free Zones regulatory framework. Free Zones in Turkey are […]
BPO Services in Turkey: Unlocking Efficiency and Growth
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) helps organizations streamline operations, boost efficiency, and stay focused on core competencies in Turkey. With its strategic location, skilled workforce, and competitive costs, Turkey has become a prime destination for BPO. Advantages of BPO in Turkey a. Cost Efficiency: Competitive pricing vs. many markets; favorable labor and FX dynamics.b. Skilled Workforce: […]
Overtime and Extra Working Hours Calculation in Turkey
One of the most common questions in Turkish labor law is overtime and extra working hours calculation in Turkey. According to the Labor Law No. 4857, the regular weekly working time is 45 hours. Any work exceeding this threshold is considered overtime and entitles the employee to extra pay or compensatory time off. However, the […]
MEETING AND DECISION QUORUMS IN LIMITED COMPANIES
GENERAL RULE (Article 620 of the Turkish Commercial Code) Unless otherwise stipulated by law or the articles of association, all decisions of the General Assembly, including election decisions, shall be taken by an absolute majority of the votes represented at the meeting. IMPORTANT DECISIONS (Article 621 of the Turkish Commercial Code) QUORUM Complete […]
Quorums for Meetings and Resolutions in Joint Stock Companies (TCC)
Type of Resolution Meeting Quorum Resolution Quorum General Assembly (TCC Art.418) 1/4 of the capital (No quorum required in the second meeting) Majority of those present at the meeting Amendments to Articles of Association (TCC Art.421/1) 1/2 (First meeting), 1/3 (Second meeting) Majority of those present at the meeting General Assembly in liquidation (TCC Art.546/3) […]
Risk Analysis in Turkey: Framework, Methods, and Implementation Steps
In Turkey, risk analysis is a fundamental tool that enhances decision-making quality in areas such as tax compliance, financial management, occupational health and safety (Law No. 6331), data protection (KVKK), cybersecurity, and corporate governance. Rising global inflation, supply chain disruptions, interest rate and risk premium volatility, and digital fraud have made risk analysis indispensable for […]
Compliance with the Uniform Chart of Accounts in Turkey and Penalties
Purpose of the Uniform Chart of Accounts The Uniform Chart of Accounts (UCA) in Turkey has been in force since 1994 to standardize accounting records nationwide. With this regulation, the Turkish Revenue Administration (TRA) aims to: Compliance with the UCA is one of the fundamental requirements of keeping books in accordance with the Tax Procedure […]
Partnership Rights in Turkey: Legal Framework and Applications
The Importance of Partnership Rights in Turkey Partnership rights in Turkey are one of the most fundamental aspects of corporate law, both for domestic and foreign investors. The partnership structure determines the rights and obligations in many areas, ranging from company management to profit distribution, from liquidation to share transfer. For this reason, understanding partnership […]
VAT Refund and ATIK Liability in the Context of International Transportation
VAT Refund and ATIK Liability in the Context of International Transportation constitute a specialized compliance and cash-flow management area under Turkish VAT legislation. Companies engaged in cross-border freight, logistics, and transit operations must evaluate not only the applicability of VAT exemption but also the correct calculation of refundable input VAT, particularly in relation to economically […]
Delivery of Incentive Investment Goods and the VAT Refund Process
The VAT Law No. 3065 contains different applications subject to VAT refund. One of these is the “Delivery of Incentive Investment Goods” under Article 13/d of the Law. Pursuant to this article, invoices issued by the seller are exempt from VAT and are eligible for refund. Points to Consider When Issuing Sales Invoices When issuing […]